• Clonidine HCl br Acknowledgements We apologize to our distin

  2021-10-01

  

  Acknowledgements We apologize to our distinguished colleagues whose work has not been cited owing to space limitations. This work was funded by the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC, Milan, Italy, IG 14732 to A.M.); Italian Ministry of University and Education (Finanziamenti per la Ri

• Introduction RNA splicing occurs in the

  2021-10-01

  

  Introduction RNA splicing occurs in the nucleus when noncoding sequences (introns) are removed from the pre-mRNA transcript and coding sequences (exons) are joined to form a mature mRNA [1,2]. This reaction is catalyzed by a multiprotein complex called spliceosome. The spliceosome consists of five

• Importantly both genetic deletion and pharmacological

  2021-10-01

  

  Importantly, both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of FAAH also reduced NTG-induced neuronal hyperactivity in the trigeminal nucleus, which receives sensory input from craniofacial deep tissues. NTG is known to evoke the robust neuronal activation, as evidenced by the induction of the

• Dysregulation of the HPA axis resulting in alteration to

  2021-10-01

  

  Dysregulation of the HPA axis, resulting in alteration to both baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid levels (e.g., cortisol and corticosterone), has been implicated in several diseases and psychopathologies, including anxiety (McEwen et al., 2015, 2016; Shin and Liberzon, 2010). For example, ba

• Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in

  2021-10-01

  

  Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple circuits to control various behaviors. In Drosophila photoreceptor, histamine is produced de novo by histidine decarboxylase (Burg et al., 1993); meanwhile, maintaining normal histamine content also depends on the histamine recycling pathway

• Three main mechanisms have been proposed for

  2021-10-01

  

  Three main mechanisms have been proposed for the secretion of active forms of hedgehog ligands: first, construction of a multimeric molecule with lipid moieties placed on the inside, making a soluble Hh protein which can diffuse from the membrane; second, function of dispatched proteins through pack

• br Results br Discussion Cell contact mediated spread

  2021-10-01

  

  Results Discussion Cell-contact-mediated spread of HIV-1 has been estimated to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient compared to passive dissemination of particles through the extracellular milieu. Thus, this form of viral transmission can have significant effects on the pathogenesi

• One of the possible disadvantages of this

  2021-10-01

  

  One of the possible disadvantages of this methodology is a possible cytotoxic effect resulting from either adenoviral vector injection or to Cre recombinase expression. Adenovirus has previously been used to efficiently mediate transgene expression in mouse SB525334 sale (Thomas et al., 2000, Xia e

• br Materials and methods br Results In this

  2021-10-01

  

  Materials and methods Results In this study we re-examined the kinetics of ET transport and tested the ability of various suggested substrates of OCNT1 to inhibit ET uptake. Using a native ET transporter expressed in the human HeLa cell line ET was found to be taken up with a Km of 51 μM and V

• br Origin of the vertebrate hexokinase gene

  2021-10-01

  

  Origin of the vertebrate hexokinase gene family Multiple hexokinases have been found in vertebrates, plants and yeast (Wilson, 1995, Cárdenas et al., 1998). A hexokinase in both vertebrates and yeast has, unfortunately, been named glucokinase. The sharing of the name glucokinase has suggested to

• There have been a few studies investigating the

  2021-09-30

  

  There have been a few studies investigating the effects of histamine on mast cells but the majority of these has been on rodent and cultured mast cells (Hofstra et al., 2003, Lippert et al., 2004, Jemima et al., 2014). How representative these systems are of primary human cells is a moot point since

• The unique mechanism of EAAT anion channel

  2021-09-30

  

  The unique mechanism of EAAT anion channel gating results in neuronal or glial anion conductances that follow changes in substrate concentrations and thus allow feedback control of glutamate release (Wersinger et al., 2006) or modification of GABAergic postsynaptic currents by glutamatergic signals

• NLG-8189 synthesis br Treatment KD is currently the treatmen

  2021-09-30

  

  Treatment KD is currently the treatment of choice for GLUT1-DS. It is a high-fat, carbohydrate-restricted diet that mimics the metabolic state of fasting; so, the KD relies an exogenous rather than body fat for ketone production, thus maintaining ketosis without weight loss. As the developing br

• One important discovery of our study is the identification o

  2021-09-30

  

  One important discovery of our study is the identification of a pharmacological mechanism for the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin (EM) in promoting joint health. EM is a commonly used antibiotic that directly binds bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis [66]. Although EM-like macrolide

• To obviate the mitogenic FGF activity several engineered

  2021-09-29

  

  To obviate the mitogenic FGF19 activity, several engineered FGF19 variants have been generated aiming to maintain the metabolic activity excluding the protumorigenic ones. One variant, M70, that differs from wild-type FGF19 by 5-amino acids deletion at the N-terminus and the substitution of 3-amino

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