• Knowledge about adipose tissue has evolved considerably over

  2023-11-20

  

  Knowledge about adipose tissue has evolved considerably over the last two decades. Always been described as an inert tissue having the function of stocking lipids, adipose tissue is now recognized as a real organ with both metabolic and endocrine functions secreting various factors into the blood to

• Autocrine regulations of several adipokines e g leptin

  2023-11-20

  

  Autocrine regulations of several adipokines (e.g., leptin and resistin) on adipocytes have been reported (Karastergiou and Mohamed-Ali, 2010, Ye et al., 2010). Several lines of evidence have shown that apelin influences adipocyte functions, such as, lipolysis and glucose uptake (Dray et al., 2008, Y

• It is now thought that

  2023-11-20

  

  It is now thought that tight binding of HMGB to condensed chromatin may not be restricted to apoptotic cells. That HMGB proteins might actually be involved in the organization and/or maintenance of heterochromatic regions is suggested by the results of experiments analyzing the stable binding of the

• The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be detrimental are

  2023-11-20

  

  The reasons why antibiotic treatment may be detrimental are diverse. First, it may result in disruption of multifaceted microbe–microbe, as well as microbe–host, interactions that are key for the maintenance of homeostasis within this ecosystem. This can lead to the expansion of pathogenic microorga

• hoechst stain AMP activated protein kinase AMPK is composed

  2023-11-20

  

  AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is composed of α-, β-, and γ-subunits [17,18]. Phosphorylation of α-subunit at Thr-172 residue is essential for AMPK activation [17,18]. The serine/threonine kinase coordinates metabolic pathways in response to energy supply and demand [17,18]. Studies have shown

• Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during AD a

  2023-11-18

  

  Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during AD are very important for the disease progression. Not only several inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33, but also anti-inflammatory ones, as IL-10 and IL-13, are upregulated in the brain of AD patients (Morimoto et al., 2011

• br Comparison to IWG In addition to the NIA

  2023-11-18

  

  Comparison to IWG In addition to the NIA AA, the other group that has established diagnostic guidelines for AD that incorporate biomarkers is the IWG [64,74,75]. In the most recent formal IWG document, published in 2014 [75], the diagnosis of AD required the presence of cognitive symptoms plus an

• br Conflict of interest br Introduction

  2023-11-18

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major cause of tumor-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Poor prognosis and consequences of its metastatic spread make CRC the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in western countries [1]. Apart from o

• br Conflicts of interest br Newly

  2023-11-18

  

  Conflicts of interest Newly Identified Mechanisms of APN Resistance Hold Therapeutic Potential APN, APN Receptors, and APN Cardiovascular Protection APN Resistance in Cardiovascular Disease The Molecular Mechanisms of APN Resistance Concluding Remarks and Future Directions Finally,

• Oxidative stress has recently been reported as one of the

  2023-11-18

  

  Oxidative stress has recently been reported as one of the important mechanisms of toxic effect of Cd2+[43]. The mechanism of Cd2+-induced oxidative stress involves an imbalance between generation and removal of ROS in tissues and cellular components, causing damage to membranes, DNA, and proteins [4

• By promoting bundling and processive elongation of actin

  2023-11-18

  

  By promoting bundling and processive elongation of Almorexant filaments and inhibiting association of capping protein with filament barbed ends, Ena/VASP family proteins contribute to the dynamics of lamellipodia and filopodia [41] and maintenance of focal adhesions and tight junctions [42, 43]. Ac

• br Research perspective In vitro and in vivo

  2023-11-18

  

  Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that increased LPA/ATX signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Recent findings on the role of non-tumoral ATX in cancer progression and metastasis highlighted a new functional contribution for the microenviron

• Compound was docked into the active site of

  2023-11-18

  

  Compound was docked into the active site of Aurora B kinase using Tripos sybyl-X ver. 2.1.1. The crystal structure of human Aurora B kinase cocrystallized with its potent inhibitor VX-680 was used for the docking analysis (PDB ID: ). The most likely binding conformations were selected based on the

• Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have been distin

  2023-11-18

  

  Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have been distinguished (Fig. 3): the first category comprises synthetic arginase inhibitors, which have been developed from the substrate l-arginine [35]; and the second category includes inhibitors derived from natural products [36]. The category of synt

• In addition to peroxyl radicals the most found radical forms

  2023-11-17

  

  In addition to peroxyl radicals, the most found radical forms in biological systems, some of assays took into account other free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite. ORAC procedure was also modified using different radical sources such as

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