• Because AM had limited efficacy

  2022-06-17

  

  Because (AM-3189) had limited efficacy on rodent GPR40, we used two rodent models expressing human GPR40 to demonstrate efficacy of (AM-3189). First, we used human islet transplanted nude mice. In this model, endogenous pancreatic β-cells were ablated using streptozotocin, and mice were rescued to

• Recent studies suggested that non coding

  2022-06-17

  

  Recent studies suggested that non-coding RNAs participate in the modulation of Glut1 expression. For instance, the lncRNA NBR2-Glut1 axis was suggested to modulate cancer cell sensitivity to phenformin [37]. In renal carcinoma, miR-1291 is involved in the regulation of Glut1 hygromycin [38]. Theref

• In agreement with the results obtained from GluR A mice

  2022-06-17

  

  In agreement with the results obtained from GluR-A−/− mice, mice in which the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor has been selectively deleted from the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus displayed normal acquisition of the standard reference memory version of the watermaze task (Nakazawa et al., 2002), bu

• The rapid actions of glucocorticoids range from the

  2022-06-17

  

  The rapid actions of glucocorticoids range from the production of endocannabinoid as a retrograde messenger [9], to regulation of ion channels [10], [11], to inhibitory effects on immune torin [12], [13], [14]. Many different kinase signaling pathways have been implicated in the rapid actions of gl

• In conclusion enhanced glucagon action of

  2022-06-17

  

  In conclusion, enhanced glucagon action of the beta cell results in improved beta cell function after glucose stimulation, but simultaneously dissociated responses to both glucose-dependent and non-glucose secretagogues evolve. This shows that the glucagon receptor is complexly involved in beta cell

• Newt GHS R a proteins expressed in a mammalian cell

  2022-06-17

  

  Newt GHS-R1a proteins expressed in a mammalian cell were able to bind homologous newt ghrelin, heterologous rat and bullfrog ghrelin, and a peptidyl GHS-R1a agonist, GHSRP-6, with inducing intracellular Ca signaling. This indicates that the identified cDNA encodes the ghrelin receptor from a view of

• Introduction br Alzheimer pathology A and

  2022-06-17

  

  Introduction Alzheimer pathology: Aβ and Tau Amyloid β protein (Aβ) plays an important role in AD pathogenesis. At the molecular level, senile amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are two neuropathological hallmarks of AD [1]. Mutations in genes encoding amyloid precursor protein (A

• br The Farnesoid X receptor FXR identification and ligands

  2022-06-17

  

  The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR): identification and ligands The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to a family of proteins called Nuclear Receptors (NRs). NRs are a class of ligand-activated transcription factors, which transactivate networks of target genes, thereby mediating a wide range of phys

• AF 12198 australia The present data suggest that the decreas

  2022-06-17

  

  The present data suggest that the decrease of liver BAs was mainly due to the decrease of hepatic BAs synthesis because the BA synthetic enzymes Cyp7a1, Cyp7b1 and Cyp8b1 were markedly reduced. The increase may also be due to the increase of hepatic BAs efflux, because the liver BA efflux transporte

• Hydantoin in region F bridging the phenoxybenzene and benzim

  2022-06-17

  

  Hydantoin in region F bridging the phenoxybenzene and benzimidazole moieties was replaced by cyclic building blocks, diketopiperazine (25) and imidazolidinone (26), and linear bonds, amide (27) and urea (28). Analogs 25–28 possessing the linkers other than hydantoin were not tolerated in LBD of FXR

• Regarding IAV types of hemagglutinin

  2022-06-17

  

  Regarding IAV, 18 types of hemagglutinin and 11 types of neuraminidase were described and none of the commercialized antiviral drugs are susceptible to protect against all strains that will emerge from the animal reservoir (Webby and Webster, 2003). The strong dependencies of influenza viruses on we

• br Significance Metabolites present in the extracellular env

  2022-06-17

  

  Significance Metabolites present in the extracellular environment can potently modulate cellular phenotypes and potentially serve as therapeutics for various diseases. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic cell death process characterized by the generation of toxic lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). I

• br Materials and methods br Results To examine the apoptosis

  2022-06-17

  

  Materials and methods Results To examine the apoptosis in FLS in vitro, we measured the number of Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH mg in early apoptosis (Annexin V+, 7-AAD−) and late apoptosis/necrosis (Annexin V+, 7-AAD+) using flow cytometry after incubation with or without stimulating Fas antibody. In the

• Next we aimed to investigate if the cardiac

  2022-06-17

  

  Next, we aimed to investigate if the cardiac apoptosis induced by CO-HFD, LA, T1DM or hyperglycemia involves up-regulation and activation of Fas/FasL-mediated cell death and if such effects are mediated by ROS and/or Ca+2/calcineurin/NFAT signaling axis. Similar to previous reports, [8], [9], [10],

• Importantly both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibi

  2022-06-17

  

  Importantly, both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of FAAH also reduced NTG-induced neuronal hyperactivity in the trigeminal nucleus, which receives sensory input from craniofacial deep tissues. NTG is known to evoke the robust neuronal activation, as evidenced by the induction of the

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